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'''Rio Grande cherry''' ('''''Eugenia candolleana'''''; also Eugenia candolleana; cereja-do-rio-grande; rainforest plum) is a Myrtaceae fruit plant grown for its berry. This page treats the accepted species name as canonical and uses the common name as a navigational alias.
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
 
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{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 400px; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Rainforest plum (''Eugenia candolleana'')
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Rio Grande cherry (''Eugenia candolleana '')
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Eugenia candolleana 5.png|250px|Eugenia candolleana fruit, flower, or plant habit. Wikimedia Commons file page.]]
|-
|-
! Scientific name
! Scientific name
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|-
|-
! Mature height
! Mature height
|| 3–8 m
|| About 4–7 m
|-
|-
! Mature width
! Mature width
|| 2–6 m
|| N/A
|-
|-
! Soil
! Soil
|| Acidic, humus-rich, well-drained soil with steady moisture
|| Moist soil in its Atlantic-forest range; pH and drainage limits are N/A
|-
|-
! Water
! Water
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|-
|-
! Years to fruit
! Years to fruit
|| Often 3–6 years from seed, variable by climate and plant
|| N/A
|-
|-
! Pollination
! Pollination
|| Insect-pollinated and generally productive as a single tree
|| N/A
|-
|-
! Harvest
! Harvest
|| Warm-season crop; timing varies by latitude and rainfall
|| Fruit up to about 3 cm; regional harvest calendar N/A
|}
|}


== Identification and description ==
== Description ==
Rio Grande cherry is a Brazilian Myrtaceae fruit with dark red to purple berries, glossy foliage, and a compact habit. The fruit is usually more substantial and less intensely resinous than many small Eugenia species.
[[File:Eugenia candolleana 3.png|thumb|left|240px|Eugenia candolleana leaves, fruit, cut fruit, and seed, as identified on the Commons file page.]]
Rainforest plum is a semideciduous Brazilian Myrtaceae tree with an open crown, generally about 4 to 7 m tall. It is associated with Atlantic rainforest, especially nearer the coast, and bears dark fruits reported at up to about 3 cm in diameter.


The accepted genus, family, and order are [[Eugenia]], [[Myrtaceae]], and [[Myrtales]]. Common names may cover related taxa; check the scientific name before transferring cultivation advice.
The accepted genus, family, and order are [[Eugenia]], [[Myrtaceae]], and [[Myrtales]]. Common names may cover related taxa; check the scientific name before transferring cultivation advice.


== Growing ==
== Cultivation ==
It comes from humid and seasonally moist South American vegetation and prefers a cool root zone with organic matter. Provide drainage without letting the plant suffer repeated drought. The species is useful for small gardens and containers where a full-size tropical tree is impractical.
Rainforest plum is a slow-growing tree of moist Atlantic-forest vegetation in eastern Brazil. The species account reports success in full sun and some shade, but gives little evidence for a universal container or cold-hardiness prescription. Maintain root-zone moisture and protect young plants from drying while avoiding stagnant media.


=== Soil ===
=== Soil and water ===
Acidic, humus-rich, well-drained soil with steady moisture.
Native records emphasize moist soil; species-specific pH and drainage limits are not well documented. A humus-rich, aerated medium is a reasonable cultivation translation, but it should be treated as guidance rather than a measured native-soil requirement.


=== Sun and humidity ===
=== Sun and humidity ===
Full sun to partial shade; more sun generally improves fruiting. Native habitat and airflow matter as much as light intensity; avoid enclosing humid foliage without ventilation.
Full sun or some shade is reported. The Atlantic-forest association supports warm, humid-air cultivation with airflow around the foliage.


=== Seasonal changes ===
=== Seasonal changes ===
In native climates, rainfall and temperature jointly regulate flushes and flowering. A short drier interval followed by warm moisture can stimulate bloom, while cold subtropical winters may delay the crop. Avoid severe water stress during fruit enlargement.
The species is described as semideciduous, but a dependable flowering or harvest calendar is not documented in the reviewed sources. Expect growth and fruiting to follow local rainfall and temperature, and record the timing of each selection rather than applying a fixed season.


== Propagation ==
== Propagation ==
Fresh seed is the most dependable method, but seedlings vary in fruit quality and maturity. Grafting or cuttings can preserve superior selections when suitable material is available.
Seed should be sown fresh in partial shade. A Brazilian tree reference reports germination beginning in about 40 to 50 days with a rate only a little over 10%, followed by slow seedling growth. Species-specific evidence for grafting or cuttings is limited, so clonal claims should remain provisional.


== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==
== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==
Warm-season crop; timing varies by latitude and rainfall. Flowering and ripening are strongly affected by latitude, cultivar, rootstock, rainfall, and temperature; local records are more useful than a single universal calendar.
The available species account describes fruit up to about 3 cm across but does not establish a universal flowering or harvest season. Harvest timing and years to fruit are therefore N/A at species level in this article.


== Fruit and uses ==
== Fruit and uses ==
Ripe fruit is eaten fresh and can be made into juice, jelly, syrup, and preserves. The dark skin contributes color, and fruit is best handled gently because it softens quickly after picking.
The fruit is eaten raw or made into marmalade. The available description characterizes the pulp as firm, thick, succulent, sweet, and pleasant; fruit diameter is reported up to about 3 cm.


== Photos ==
== Photos ==
No verified Commons image is included yet; add one only after checking the individual file page and license.
[[File:Eugenia candolleana 2.png|280px|Eugenia candolleana fruit close-up.]] [[File:Eugenia candolleana 6.png|240px|Eugenia candolleana flower buds and immature fruit.]]
 
== Commentary ==
Growers are invited to share observations about Rio Grande cherry on the [[Talk:Eugenia candolleana|talk page]], especially climate, provenance, propagation method, plant age, flowering season, and fruit quality.


== Sources ==
== References ==
* [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Eugenia+candolleana Useful Tropical Plants: Eugenia candolleana]
* [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Eugenia+candolleana Useful Tropical Plants: Eugenia candolleana]
* [https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/surinam_cherry.html Purdue NewCROP: Eugenia and related fruits]
* [https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/surinam_cherry.html Purdue NewCROP: Eugenia and related fruits]
* [https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000271636 World Flora Online: Eugenia candolleana]
 
== Image credits ==
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugenia_candolleana_5.png Eugenia candolleana 5.png] — Jorge Stolfi, CC BY-SA 3.0.
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugenia_candolleana_2.png Eugenia candolleana 2.png] — Jorge Stolfi, CC BY-SA 3.0.
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugenia_candolleana_3.png Eugenia candolleana 3.png] — Jorge Stolfi, CC BY-SA 3.0.
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugenia_candolleana_6.png Eugenia candolleana 6.png] — Jorge Stolfi, CC BY-SA 3.0.


[[Category:Fruits]]
[[Category:Fruits]]
[[Category:Myrtaceae]]
[[Category:Myrtaceae]]
[[Category:Eugenia]]
[[Category:Eugenia]]

Latest revision as of 22:06, 27 August 2026

Rainforest plum (Eugenia candolleana)
Eugenia candolleana fruit, flower, or plant habit. Wikimedia Commons file page.
Scientific name Eugenia candolleana
Genus Eugenia
Family Myrtaceae
Order Myrtales
Fruit type Berry
Growth form Small evergreen tree or shrub
Climate and hardiness Warm subtropical to tropical
Mature height About 4–7 m
Mature width N/A
Soil Moist soil in its Atlantic-forest range; pH and drainage limits are N/A
Water Even moisture during establishment and fruit development
Sun Full sun to partial shade; more sun generally improves fruiting
Germination Fresh seed; do not dry
Years to fruit N/A
Pollination N/A
Harvest Fruit up to about 3 cm; regional harvest calendar N/A

Description[edit | edit source]

Eugenia candolleana leaves, fruit, cut fruit, and seed, as identified on the Commons file page.

Rainforest plum is a semideciduous Brazilian Myrtaceae tree with an open crown, generally about 4 to 7 m tall. It is associated with Atlantic rainforest, especially nearer the coast, and bears dark fruits reported at up to about 3 cm in diameter.

The accepted genus, family, and order are Eugenia, Myrtaceae, and Myrtales. Common names may cover related taxa; check the scientific name before transferring cultivation advice.

Cultivation[edit | edit source]

Rainforest plum is a slow-growing tree of moist Atlantic-forest vegetation in eastern Brazil. The species account reports success in full sun and some shade, but gives little evidence for a universal container or cold-hardiness prescription. Maintain root-zone moisture and protect young plants from drying while avoiding stagnant media.

Soil and water[edit | edit source]

Native records emphasize moist soil; species-specific pH and drainage limits are not well documented. A humus-rich, aerated medium is a reasonable cultivation translation, but it should be treated as guidance rather than a measured native-soil requirement.

Sun and humidity[edit | edit source]

Full sun or some shade is reported. The Atlantic-forest association supports warm, humid-air cultivation with airflow around the foliage.

Seasonal changes[edit | edit source]

The species is described as semideciduous, but a dependable flowering or harvest calendar is not documented in the reviewed sources. Expect growth and fruiting to follow local rainfall and temperature, and record the timing of each selection rather than applying a fixed season.

Propagation[edit | edit source]

Seed should be sown fresh in partial shade. A Brazilian tree reference reports germination beginning in about 40 to 50 days with a rate only a little over 10%, followed by slow seedling growth. Species-specific evidence for grafting or cuttings is limited, so clonal claims should remain provisional.

Flowering, fruiting, and harvest[edit | edit source]

The available species account describes fruit up to about 3 cm across but does not establish a universal flowering or harvest season. Harvest timing and years to fruit are therefore N/A at species level in this article.

Fruit and uses[edit | edit source]

The fruit is eaten raw or made into marmalade. The available description characterizes the pulp as firm, thick, succulent, sweet, and pleasant; fruit diameter is reported up to about 3 cm.

Photos[edit | edit source]

Eugenia candolleana fruit close-up. Eugenia candolleana flower buds and immature fruit.

References[edit | edit source]

Image credits[edit | edit source]