Editing Passiflora quadrangularis

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Passiflora quadrangularis the giant granadilla 01.jpg|300px|Passiflora quadrangularis flower]]
|-
! Scientific name
| ''Passiflora quadrangularis'' <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Common names
| Giant granadilla; barbadine; giant tumbo; badea <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Genus
| [[Passiflora]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Family
| [[Passifloraceae]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Order
| [[Malpighiales]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Growth form
| Evergreen, vigorous perennial climber; stems normally to about 15 m, occasionally reported much longer <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Habitat
| Moist-to-wet tropical lowlands, including rainforest floodplains; also cultivated at moderate elevations <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Flowers and fruit set
| Flowers and fruit may occur year-round under suitable conditions; the species is self-sterile <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Propagation
| Seed, young-shoot and mature-wood cuttings, and layering <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Fruit
| Large oblong fruit, up to about 30 cm, with edible pulp and pericarp <sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|}

'''''Passiflora quadrangularis''''', known as giant granadilla, barbadine, giant tumbo and badea, is a vigorous evergreen perennial climber of moist tropical habitats. It is associated with rainforest floodplains and other moist-to-wet lowland settings, and is cultivated in hot wet lowlands and at some moderate elevations. <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Description ==

The vine is reported to produce stems normally reaching about 15 m, with occasional accounts of much longer growth. It is a strong climber and needs a substantial trellis, arbor or other support rather than a freestanding shrub position. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> The large oblong fruit may reach about 30 cm and has edible pulp and pericarp. Descriptions of the ripe pulp include a subacid flavor; the species is also known for its large fruit relative to many other cultivated passionfruits. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

In its native setting, ''Passiflora quadrangularis'' is linked with hot, moist-to-wet tropical lowlands and rainforest floodplains. The practical cultivation target is a warm site with reliable moisture, organic matter and drainage, while cold protection is needed outside tropical conditions. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Soil and water ===

Humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil is the documented starting point for this species, with a preference described as circumneutral rather than strongly acid. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> As a habitat-based cultivation inference, maintain even moisture during warm active growth while preventing heavy soil from remaining stagnant or waterlogged. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

Dappled shade is recommended for the species account, which fits a vigorous rainforest climber rather than an exposed, desiccating position. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> As a habitat-based cultivation inference, use bright filtered light, good air movement and warm humid protection, with a sheltered structure supplying support and reducing drying-wind exposure. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

The natural pattern is warm and moist, with the species associated with rainforest floodplains and other wet lowland habitats. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> As a habitat-based cultivation inference, keep irrigation and humidity more consistent through warm active growth and move container plants into protected conditions before cool weather. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> Flowering and fruiting are described as possible year-round under suitable conditions, so seasonal-climate growers should protect the vine from cold rather than treating a cool winter as a required dry rest. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Seed, cuttings and layering are documented methods. The species account describes seed treatment and sowing, node cuttings from young shoots, mature-wood cuttings and easy layering. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> These methods offer alternatives when seed is unavailable or when a vigorous, known plant is being multiplied. Follow the source's distinction between young-shoot node cuttings and mature-wood cuttings rather than treating all cutting material as equivalent. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

Flowers and fruiting are reported as possible year-round under suitable conditions, and the species is described as self-sterile. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> A self-sterile vine should not be expected to set reliably in isolation; grower planning should allow for compatible flowering material and pollination. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

The fruit is oblong and may reach about 30 cm. Ripe pulp is described as subacid, and the fruit's pulp and pericarp are used raw, cooked or in drinks; immature rind is also described as a vegetable ingredient. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> Judge ripeness from the individual fruit and crop rather than applying a fixed calendar. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

Giant granadilla is valued for its large edible fruit. The pulp and arillus may be eaten fresh or used in drinks, while the fruit may also be cooked; the immature rind is described as a vegetable use. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> The raw root is separately described in the available species accounts as narcotic, poisonous, emetic or noxious. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> That warning concerns the root and is not a food-safety clearance for every plant part; no preparation or medicinal-use recommendation is made here.

== Photos ==

[[File:Starr 071024-0405 Passiflora quadrangularis.jpg|300px|Passiflora quadrangularis leaves in Maui]]

[[File:Passiflora quadrangularis (17352170194).jpg|300px|Passiflora quadrangularis vine]]

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Passiflora%20quadrangularis GBIF species match: Passiflora quadrangularis].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Passiflora+quadrangularis Passiflora quadrangularis | Useful Tropical Plants].

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora_quadrangularis Passiflora quadrangularis | Wikipedia].

== Image credits ==

* ''Passiflora quadrangularis the giant granadilla 01.jpg'' — Passiflora quadrangularis flower; photograph by Vijayanrajapuram; CC BY-SA 4.0; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Passiflora_quadrangularis_the_giant_granadilla_01.jpg file page].

* ''Starr 071024-0405 Passiflora quadrangularis.jpg'' — Passiflora quadrangularis leaves in Maui; photograph by Forest & Kim Starr; CC BY 3.0; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_071024-0405_Passiflora_quadrangularis.jpg file page].

* ''Passiflora quadrangularis (17352170194).jpg'' — Passiflora quadrangularis vine; photograph by Dick Culbert; CC BY 2.0; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Passiflora quadrangularis_(17352170194).jpg file page].