Editing Parinari excelsa

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Mampa (''Parinari excelsa'')
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Parinari excelsa01.jpg|280px|Botanical illustration of Parinari excelsa from Florae Senegambiae Tentamen (1833).]]
|-
! Scientific name
| ''Parinari excelsa'' <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Common name
| Mampa; African nut plum
|-
! Family
| [[Chrysobalanaceae]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Order
| [[Malpighiales]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Genus
| ''[[Parinari]]''
|-
! Habit
| Fast-growing evergreen tree, usually up to about 45 m <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Fruit
| Brown, ellipsoid, warty drupe about 50 × 32 mm <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|}

'''Parinari excelsa''', commonly called Mampa or African nut plum, is a large evergreen fruit tree of moist tropical settings. It is associated with rainforest and other humid habitats to about 1,000 m, and sandy-soil growth is documented. <sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> Its brown, warty drupes contain soft yellowish pulp described as having an avocado-like flavor, although palatability varies by locality. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Description ==

''Parinari excelsa'' is a fast-growing evergreen tree that can reach about 45 m. It is associated with moist tropical lowlands and uplands to approximately 1,000 m, including rainforest settings. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> The accepted name is placed in the Chrysobalanaceae; ''Parinari amazonica'', ''Parinari holstii'', ''Ferolia excelsa'' and ''Petrocarya excelsa'' are recorded synonyms. <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

The fruit is an ellipsoid drupe with a brown, warty surface, about 50 × 32 mm. When fresh, the pulp is yellowish and soft. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

=== Soil and water ===

The species is recorded from moist tropical habitats, with growth on sandy soils. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

Rainforest and other humid tropical settings are part of the plant's documented habitat. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

''Parinari excelsa'' is described as an evergreen tree of moist tropical climates. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Seed is the documented propagation route for ''Parinari excelsa''. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> The supplied species evidence gives no germination treatment, storage schedule, or dependable bearing-age range, so no more specific nursery protocol is assigned here.

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

Bees are recorded as pollinators of the flowers. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> The fruit is a brown, warty ellipsoid drupe about 50 × 32 mm, with soft yellowish pulp when fresh. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

Fresh pulp is described as yellowish, soft and edible, with an avocado-like flavor; acceptance varies by locality. <sup id="cite_ref-4">[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> Fermented pulp drinks are recorded, and roasted seeds are used with other foods. Extracted seed fat is described as becoming rancid rapidly. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> These are documented food-use descriptions, not a complete food-safety or toxicity assessment.

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Parinari%20excelsa GBIF species match: Parinari excelsa].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Parinari+excelsa ''Parinari excelsa'' | Useful Tropical Plants].

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://www.gbif.org/species/2985000 ''Parinari excelsa'' | GBIF species page].

* <span id="cite_note-4"></span>[[#cite_ref-4|↑]] '''[4]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Parinari+excelsa#Edible_Uses ''Parinari excelsa'' edible uses | Useful Tropical Plants].

== Image credits ==

* ''Parinari excelsa01.jpg'' — J. Decaisne (draughtsman), Vielle (engraver), Lith. de Roissy; botanical illustration from ''Florae Senegambiae Tentamen'' (1833); public domain (PD-old-70); [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parinari_excelsa01.jpg file page].

[[Category:Parinari]]