Editing Parinari capensis

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Sand apple (''Parinari capensis'')
|-
! Scientific name
| ''Parinari capensis'' <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Common names
| dwarf mobola-plum; sand apple; sandappeltjie; bosappeltjie <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Genus
| [[Parinari]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Family
| [[Chrysobalanaceae]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Order
| [[Malpighiales]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Habit
| low, ground-creeping suffrutex forming dense carpets from an underground stem and root network <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Fruit
| rough-textured oval or spherical drupe, about 50 mm long, with golden flesh <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Light
| sun <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Soil
| well-drained soil that retains moisture <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|}

''Parinari capensis'' is a low, ground-creeping fruit plant with an extensive underground stem and root network. It is associated with sandy grassland, woodland, and savanna, and is also known as dwarf mobola-plum, sand apple, sandappeltjie, and bosappeltjie. <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Description ==

This species is a dwarf creeping suffrutex, normally less than 200 mm tall. Its underground stem and root network can spread into a dense carpet, making the below-ground structure a defining feature of the plant rather than a minor root system. The above-ground growth is associated with fairly sandy grassland, woodland, and savanna settings. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

The fruit is an oval or spherical drupe with a rough surface, about 50 mm long. At maturity the flesh is golden and becomes sweet; the fruit commonly ripens on the ground. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

=== Soil and water ===

Use a freely draining, moisture-retentive medium. The plant is associated with fairly sandy habitats, and cultivation guidance calls for well-drained soil that retains moisture rather than a waterlogged root zone. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

Water regularly while the plant is growing, and apply mulch during dry periods. The species is described as able to withstand dry conditions, but the available guidance does not establish a numeric irrigation schedule. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

Grow it in sun. Its recorded habitats include grassland, woodland, and savanna, while cultivation guidance specifically recommends a sunny position. Keep the medium moisture-retentive without allowing it to remain saturated. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

In the southern African seasonal pattern described for the plant, flowers appear in September and October. Fruit typically ripens on the ground from October to January and takes about a year to ripen completely. These dates are a regional phenology pattern, not a universal calendar for every climate. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

The plant has low frost tolerance and is described as able to withstand dry conditions. Protect it from frost, and use regular watering and mulch during dry periods. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Propagate from seed taken from fully ripe fruit. Clean the seed before sowing, then either scarify it or soak it for several hours. Sow in well-drained soil that retains moisture, place the container or bed in sun, and water regularly while the seedling establishes. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

The treatment is a practical starting method; no germination percentage or emergence time is established here. Keep seed lots and young plants correctly identified because the creeping habit and extensive below-ground network are characteristic features of this plant. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

Flowers appear in September and October. The oval or spherical drupes develop to roughly 50 mm, take about a year to ripen completely, and typically ripen on the ground from October through January. Assess fruit at full maturity, when the flesh becomes sweet. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

Because the plant is low and fruit may ripen beneath the carpet of growth, inspect the ground around the plant during the ripening period. Collect only fruit that can be confidently associated with the identified plant and that has reached full maturity. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

The mature drupe has golden flesh. Ripe flesh is described as edible and becomes sweet at full maturity. Its rough-textured exterior and ground-ripening habit are distinctive features of the fruit. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Parinari%20capensis GBIF species match: Parinari capensis].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://pza.sanbi.org/parinari-capensis-subsp-capensis Parinari capensis subsp. capensis]. PlantZAfrica, South African National Biodiversity Institute.

[[Category:Fruit plants]]
[[Category:Chrysobalanaceae]]