Editing Pandanus utilis

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Common screw pine (''Pandanus utilis'')
|-
! Scientific name
| ''[[Pandanus utilis]]'' <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Common name
| Common screw pine; screw-pine <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Genus
| [[Pandanus]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Family
| [[Pandanaceae]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Order
| [[Pandanales]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Growth form
| Evergreen shrub or small tree with a densely spiralling crown and stilt or brace roots <sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|-
! Native range
| Mauritius, Rodrigues, and Réunion in the Mascarene Islands <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Flowers and fruit
| Dioecious; female plants form large heads of compressed drupes <sup id="cite_ref-4">[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>
|-
! Propagation
| Seed, basal suckers, and cuttings <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>
|}

'''Pandanus utilis''', commonly called common screw pine, is an evergreen Mascarene species with a spiralling crown, blue-green spiny leaves, and conspicuous stilt or brace roots. It is grown as a tropical and warm-subtropical landscape plant, and female plants can produce large fruit heads made up of many compressed drupes.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Description ==

''Pandanus utilis'' is an accepted species in the family Pandanaceae. It develops a dense spiral arrangement of leaves and supporting stilt or brace roots, giving mature specimens a distinctive screw-pine form.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

Published size depends on setting and the type of specimen described: Useful Tropical Plants gives about 6 metres, while UF/IFAS describes a typical landscape height of 20–30 feet. These figures are useful as a scale range rather than a fixed maximum for every planting.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

The leaves are blue-green and spiny. The species is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. UF/IFAS describes male flowering in winter and female fruit heads 8–9 inches long, each containing roughly 100–200 compressed drupes.<sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

=== Soil and water ===

In the Mascarene Islands, ''Pandanus utilis'' is associated with warm wet-tropical conditions and coastal settings. A practical planting site can therefore combine moisture-holding soil with reliable drainage around the supporting roots. The species tolerates clay, sand, and loam, and UF/IFAS records performance in both wet and well-drained conditions, as well as moderate drought tolerance once established.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

The brace-rooted form needs room to develop and should not be crowded against paths or structures. Broad soil tolerance does not remove the need to prevent prolonged stagnant saturation in a container or poorly drained bed; use a free-draining medium for container culture and keep irrigation responsive to active growth and weather.<sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

Full sun is a suitable starting point, with partial shade also tolerated. The plant's open coastal and warm-tropical associations support bright light, while shelter from damaging wind is useful because long spiny leaves and aerial supporting roots make the mature plant difficult to handle around exposed paths.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

The species is suited to tropical and warm-subtropical culture. High atmospheric humidity is compatible with its native setting, but UF/IFAS also records high tolerance of aerosol salt, making it useful in warm coastal landscapes where drainage remains adequate.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

''Pandanus utilis'' is evergreen in its native warm climate rather than a plant with a pronounced cold-season dormancy. UF/IFAS places male flowering in winter, but flowering and fruit development should be related to the local warm-season rhythm rather than transferred as a fixed calendar across climates.<sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

In warm cultivation, maintain even moisture during active growth and fruit development, then adjust irrigation to rainfall and temperature during cooler or drier periods. Protect container plants from cold because the species is described for tropical and warm-subtropical rather than temperate conditions.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Propagation is recorded from seed, basal or stem suckers, and cuttings. Seed may be soaked for 24 hours before sowing; Useful Tropical Plants describes placing it uncovered in warm conditions of at least 27 °C, with germination potentially taking two to three months.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

Basal sucker division and large cuttings provide vegetative alternatives where suitable material is available. Because the species develops conspicuous supporting roots and can become large, choose a container or planting position that allows the young plant to establish without repeated disruptive moves.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

Separate male and female plants are needed when fruit or seed is the goal. Male plants produce flowers in the winter period described by UF/IFAS; female plants develop large heads composed of many compressed drupes. A single specimen cannot be assumed to fruit simply because it flowers, since sex expression is separate between plants.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

The fruit heads are conspicuous, but the edible pulp is described as small. Harvest timing and a reliable maturity index vary with climate and plant sex, so fruit-use expectations should remain modest rather than treating the species as a heavy pulp-fruit crop.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

The fruit heads contain many compressed drupes and have been associated with cooked use in tropical-plant references. UF/IFAS emphasizes that only a small amount of edible pulp is present, so the fruit is more useful as a distinctive ornamental and botanical feature than as a substantial fresh-fruit crop.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

The cooking warning attached to the wild-food discussion is not a species-specific toxicology assessment. Culinary use should therefore remain cautious and should not be treated as a general safety recommendation or as a substitute for current food-safety guidance.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:671595-1 Pandanus utilis Bory | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Pandanus%20utilis GBIF species match: Pandanus utilis].

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Pandanus%20utilis Pandanus utilis — Useful Tropical Plants].

* <span id="cite_note-4"></span>[[#cite_ref-4|↑]] '''[4]''' [https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST430 Pandanus utilis: Screw-Pine — Ask IFAS].

[[Category:Fruit plants]]
[[Category:Pandanaceae]]