Editing Grewia villosa

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Grewia villosa
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Grewia villosa kz01.jpg|250px|Grewia villosa in Holland Park, Eilat, southern Israel.]]
|-
! Scientific name
| ''[[Grewia villosa]]'' <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Genus
| ''[[Grewia]]'' <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Family
| [[Malvaceae]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Order
| [[Malvales]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Growth form
| Usually deciduous, much-branched shrub; sometimes tree-like <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Native range
| Drier tropical Africa through Arabia to India <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Habitat and site
| Rocky, sandy, limestone, arid-hill, woodland, bushland, and scree habitats <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Mature size
| Generally 1–4 m; occasionally tree-like to about 4.5 m <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|-
! Climate and site
| Drier tropical conditions; Tanzanian sites with 900–1,200 mm mean annual rainfall are recorded <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Propagation
| Fresh seed or heel cuttings; genus-level inference <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Fruit
| Ripe fruit eaten in East Africa <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|}

'''Grewia villosa''' is a usually deciduous, much-branched shrub of dry tropical regions. It can be cultivated as a dryland woody fruit plant where its seasonal rhythm and eventual size can be accommodated. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Description ==

Plants are usually 1–4 m tall, with some becoming tree-like to about 4.5 m. Scrambling forms are also described as rarely exceeding 4 m. The leaves are serrated and heart-shaped. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Distribution and habitat ==

The range extends from drier tropical Africa through Arabia to India. The plant is associated with dry woodland and bushland, rocky or sandy ground, limestone, arid hills, and scree, with habitat records reaching about 1,800 m. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

=== Soil and water ===

The documented habitat includes rocky, sandy, limestone, arid-hill, woodland, bushland, and scree settings, while cultivation sites in Tanzania include black-cotton and sedimentary soils. A free-draining mineral soil and protection from a permanently saturated root zone are a reasonable starting point from that dryland pattern; this is a habitat-based inference rather than a measured waterlogging limit for the species. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

Dry tropical woodland, bushland, and arid-hill habitat support beginning with bright light and good airflow. As a Grewia, it is reasonable to start with an open, seasonally dry position rather than assuming that continuously humid, still conditions are required; confirm that genus-level inference against the plant's response in cultivation. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

The usual deciduous habit fits a pronounced seasonal rhythm. Tanzanian sites in the species account receive about 900–1,200 mm of mean annual rainfall. A practical cultivation inference is to provide more water during active wet-season growth and reduce irrigation as the dry season develops, while maintaining drainage; this is not a documented species-specific irrigation calendar. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

As a Grewia, it is reasonable to begin with the genus pattern of sowing fresh seed promptly. Stored hard-coated seed may benefit from scarification, the germination medium should not be allowed to dry, and heel cuttings are another route to test. These are genus-level inferences for G. villosa, not fixed species-specific schedules or success rates. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

Flowers are usually dioecious, with occasional bisexual flowers. Fruit production may therefore depend on plant sex and the presence of a compatible flowering plant, although the reproductive statement should not be generalized to every Grewia species. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

Ripe fruit is described as copper-coloured and is eaten in East Africa. That reported food use does not establish a general safety profile for all preparation or consumption contexts. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

The ripe fruit is copper-coloured and has a documented food use in East Africa. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Photos ==

[[File:Grewia villosa 1DS-II 3-2100.jpg|260px|Grewia villosa flowers in mopane savanna, Soutpansberg, Limpopo, South Africa.]]

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Grewia%20villosa GBIF species match: ''Grewia villosa''].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Grewia+villosa ''Grewia villosa'' - Useful Tropical Plants].

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grewia_villosa ''Grewia villosa'' - Wikipedia].

== Image credits ==

* ''Grewia villosa kz01.jpg'': Grewia villosa plant in Holland Park, Eilat, southern Israel. Photograph by Krzysztof Ziarnek (Kenraiz), own work. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grewia_villosa_kz01.jpg Wikimedia Commons file page]. CC BY-SA 4.0; attribution: Krzysztof Ziarnek (Kenraiz) / Wikimedia Commons.
* ''Grewia villosa 1DS-II 3-2100.jpg'': Grewia villosa flowers in mopane savanna, Soutpansberg, Limpopo, South Africa. Photograph by SAplants, own work. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grewia_villosa_1DS-II_3-2100.jpg Wikimedia Commons file page]. CC BY-SA 4.0; attribution: SAplants / Wikimedia Commons.

[[Category:Fruits]]
[[Category:Malvaceae]]