Editing Grewia afra

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Climbing raisin (''Grewia afra'')
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Climbing raisin (Grewia afra) 10.jpg|300px|Grewia afra (climbing raisin)]]
|-
! Scientific name
| ''[[Grewia afra]]''
|-
! Common names
| Climbing raisin
|-
! Genus
| [[Grewia]]
|-
! Family
| [[Malvaceae]]
|-
! Order
| [[Malvales]]
|-
! Habit
| Scrambling shrub or small tree
|-
! Native climate
| Seasonally dry tropical southern Africa
|-
! Fruit
| Small globose drupe, yellow-green to brown or reddish when mature
|}

''Grewia afra'' is a multi-stemmed scrambling shrub or small tree from southern tropical and southern Africa. It is associated with seasonally dry tropical vegetation and river, stream, dam and coastal-forest-margin habitats. [[Grewia caffra]] is a historical name encountered in regional and horticultural sources. <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

The plant produces yellow, star-like flowers and small, globose, unlobed drupes. Fruit is approximately 7–10 mm across, changing from yellow-green toward brown or reddish as it matures; it is described as sweet and edible, with raw and dried use recorded. <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

== Description ==

The species is usually many-stemmed, with a scrambling or scandent habit. Older stems may become four-angled. The yellow flowers are about 2 cm across in the regional flora account, while the SANBI description calls them yellow and star-like. <sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

The fruits are globose rather than lobed and remain small even when mature. Their color change from yellow-green to brown or red provides a useful harvest cue, although a firm maturity test or a universal flavor profile has not been established for the species. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

=== Soil and water ===

Choose a free-draining position that can receive regular moisture during active growth without remaining waterlogged. The species is naturally associated with riverine, stream, dam and coastal-forest margins, and a botanical-garden account records tolerance of a wide range of soils. <sup id="cite_ref-4">[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

As a Grewia, it is reasonable to begin with the genus pattern of using a well-drained medium and keeping propagation media from drying; adjust irrigation to the plant's response and local wet/dry season rather than treating a fixed schedule as a species requirement. <sup id="cite_ref-5">[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

Grow in full sun where the plant can develop its scrambling framework. Its native settings include open riverine and forest-margin habitats in a seasonally dry tropical range, so good airflow and protection from persistently saturated conditions are sensible starting points. <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

As a genus-level starting point, monitor a container or dry inland plant through the dry season and supply moisture without sacrificing drainage. <sup>[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

Flowering has been recorded from November to March in one South African botanical account and from November to May in a regional Mozambique flora record. Treat the flowering window as region-dependent rather than as a fixed calendar schedule. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

The native range is seasonally dry. As a genus-level starting inference, maintain active-growth moisture through the warmer wet period, then reduce irrigation in cooler or drier conditions while preventing prolonged desiccation of a container plant; confirm the response of the individual plant before adopting a fixed seasonal regime. <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Seed and semi-hardwood cuttings are both used. For seed, sow in sandy loam and keep the medium warm and moist; the SANBI procedure gives a germination window of approximately 3–6 weeks. For semi-hardwood cuttings, use a well-drained medium kept moist; hormone treatment is included in the same procedure, with rooting reported over approximately 4–6 weeks. These are practical institutional propagation timings, not guaranteed limits for every provenance. <sup id="cite_ref-6">[[#cite_note-6|[6]]]</sup>

As a Grewia, it is reasonable to begin with fresh seed rather than prolonged storage, because the genus-level guidance describes stored seed as hard-coated and potentially responsive to scarification. It also favors keeping seed trays from drying and taking cuttings with a heel. These points are genus-level inferences and should not replace the species-specific procedure above. <sup>[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

Yellow flowers appear in the warmer part of the native growing season, with records spanning November–March and November–May in different regions. The flowers are followed by globose drupes about 7–10 mm across. Fruit color changes from yellow-green to brown or reddish as it matures. <sup id="cite_ref-7">[[#cite_note-7|[7]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

Harvest ripe fruit when the color has developed toward brown or red and the fruit has the sweet taste described for the species. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

The small drupes are described as sweet and edible. Raw and dried use is recorded, and the fruit is also listed as a food-use plant in the regional taxonomic record. <sup id="cite_ref-8">[[#cite_note-8|[8]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Photos ==

[[File:Climbing Raisin (Grewia caffra) (11478060004).jpg|300px|Grewia afra (historical name Grewia caffra) in habitat at Lower Sabie Camp, Kruger National Park]]

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:834119-1/general-information Plants of the World Online: Grewia afra].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://pza.sanbi.org/grewia-afra PlantZAfrica: Grewia afra].

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://www.mozambiqueflora.com/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=138400 Flora of Mozambique: Species information: Grewia afra].

* <span id="cite_note-4"></span>[[#cite_ref-4|↑]] '''[4]''' [https://pza.sanbi.org/grewia-afra PlantZAfrica: Grewia afra cultivation and propagation account].

* <span id="cite_note-5"></span>[[#cite_ref-5|↑]] '''[5]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Grewia+caffra Useful Tropical Plants: Grewia caffra propagation and uses].

* <span id="cite_note-6"></span>[[#cite_ref-6|↑]] '''[6]''' [https://pza.sanbi.org/grewia-afra PlantZAfrica: Grewia afra propagation procedure].

* <span id="cite_note-7"></span>[[#cite_ref-7|↑]] '''[7]''' [https://www.mozambiqueflora.com/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=138400 Flora of Mozambique: Grewia afra flowering and fruit description].

* <span id="cite_note-8"></span>[[#cite_ref-8|↑]] '''[8]''' [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:834119-1/general-information Plants of the World Online: Grewia afra food use].

== Image credits ==

* ''Climbing raisin (Grewia afra) 10.jpg'': visible Grewia afra subject from an iNaturalist observation; CC0, no attribution required. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Climbing_raisin_(Grewia_afra)_10.jpg File page] (source credit retained on the file page).

* ''Climbing Raisin (Grewia caffra) (11478060004).jpg'': Grewia afra under the historical name Grewia caffra at Lower Sabie Camp, Kruger National Park; photograph by Bernard DUPONT from France; CC BY-SA 2.0. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Climbing_Raisin_(Grewia_caffra)_(11478060004).jpg File page].

[[Category:Fruits]]
[[Category:Grewia]]