Editing Ficus coronata

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:320px;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Ficus coronata foliage and fruit.jpg|300px|Ficus coronata foliage and fruit]]
|-
! Scientific name
| ''Ficus coronata'' <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Common names
| Sandpaper fig; creek sandpaper fig <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Genus
| [[Ficus]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Family
| [[Moraceae]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Order
| [[Rosales]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Growth form
| Tree, commonly 6–12 m; larger individuals are reported <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Native range
| Eastern Australia, from the Mackay region through New South Wales into eastern Victoria <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Fruit
| Hairy, approximately 1.5–2 cm long, ripening purple to dark purple-red <sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|}

'''''Ficus coronata''''', commonly called sandpaper fig or creek sandpaper fig, is an eastern Australian fig of creek banks, gullies, rainforest and open forest. It is a substantial tree for a warm, moisture-supported planting, with a fig-wasp pollination relationship and edible fruit when fully ripe and peeled. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4">[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5">[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

== Description ==

This species is usually described as a 6–12 m tree, although larger specimens have been reported. The leaves are rough or scabrous, and the figs are produced on the trunk and older branches. The roughly 1.5–2 cm long fruit is hairy and changes to purple or dark purple-red as it ripens. Birds and flying foxes are recorded among the animals that eat the fruit. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

In its native range, ''Ficus coronata'' occurs along eastern Australian river banks and gullies as well as in rainforest and open forest. That creek-side setting is important horticultural context: the plant is associated with dependable moisture, but a cultivated root zone still needs drainage rather than stagnant water. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

=== Soil and water ===

The species is reported from sandy, loamy and clay soils ranging from mildly acid to mildly alkaline, with a preference for moist soil and some drought tolerance. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> A habitat-based cultivation inference is to use a moisture-retentive medium that drains freely, adding organic matter where the soil is poor and watering during dry weather while avoiding a permanently saturated root zone. Its reported creek-bank habitat does not justify treating waterlogging as harmless. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

The root system can be aggressive. Give an established tree room from paving, drains and building foundations, and do not choose a confined planting site merely because the young plant is small. PFAF also lists heavy pruning tolerance, hedge use, canopy shade and stream-bank stabilisation; these are secondary cultivation uses rather than a measured root-spread or pruning schedule. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

The plant is reported to grow in semi-shade or sun. Its rainforest, open-forest and creek-bank range indicates warm, humid conditions with airflow; as a habitat-based cultivation inference, shelter a young plant from drying exposure while it establishes, then increase light as growth and soil moisture permit. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

Ripening has been reported from January to June, and also mainly in summer and autumn with occasional fruit outside that period. Treat these as regional patterns rather than a universal calendar, and judge fruit by ripeness instead of a fixed month. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

Young plants are reported to be frost-sensitive. In cultivation, maintain moisture during warm active growth and protect young trees from frost and drying cold rather than deliberately drying them down. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Fresh mature seed, cuttings and aerial layering are reported propagation routes. Large, soft, fully mature dark purple-red fruit is recommended for seed, and fresh seed is described as germinating readily; fresh seed and growing-tip cuttings are also listed. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

SOWN describes separating seed from the fruit pulp in water, then drying the seed on a coffee filter. It notes that viability varies between batches and gives a germination allowance of about 2–4 weeks. Keep these as practical secondary guidance rather than a guaranteed schedule, and sow seed promptly while fresh. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

A fig wasp is required for pollination, and viable seed follows completion of the fig–wasp cycle. In Australian fig-wasp mutualisms, a female wasp enters the fig, pollinates flowers and lays eggs, while the next generation carries pollen to another fig; the wasp species associated with ''Ficus coronata'' is not identified here. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

The figs are cauliflorous, forming on the trunk and older wood. Fruit timing varies with locality: ripening is reported from January to June, and also mainly in summer and autumn with occasional fruit outside that period. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

Harvest fully ripe fruit after it has developed its purple to dark purple-red color. The fruit is hairy; remove the furry skin before eating because it may be irritating. It is also reported for drying and for cakes, pies, biscuits, jellies, jams and sauces. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

The ripe figs are eaten fresh after peeling and are also dried or cooked into preserves and other sweet or savory preparations. PFAF, citing tuckerbush.com.au, describes the fruit as very sweet and says it has been called the best-tasting Australian fig; SOWN describes it as sweet and edible but not particularly tasty, and as good for jam while fussy to prepare. These are conflicting attributed taste observations rather than a fixed species-wide flavor description. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

Leaves of this species are associated with the common name sandpaper fig, although the historical interpretation of leaf use as sandpaper has differing supporting detail. The fruit is also consumed by native birds and flying foxes, making the tree useful as wildlife food in its natural range. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Ficus%20coronata GBIF species match: Ficus coronata].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_coronata Ficus coronata — Wikipedia].

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ficus+coronata Ficus coronata — Plants For A Future Plant Database].

* <span id="cite_note-4"></span>[[#cite_ref-4|↑]] '''[4]''' [https://sown.com.au/ficus-coronata-moraceae-creek-sandpaper-fig/ Ficus coronata (MORACEAE) Creek Sandpaper Fig — Save Our Waterways Now].

* <span id="cite_note-5"></span>[[#cite_ref-5|↑]] '''[5]''' [https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/fig-wasps/ Fig wasps — Australian Museum].

== Image credits ==

* ''Ficus coronata foliage and fruit.jpg'' — Ficus coronata foliage and fruit; photograph by Mark Marathon; CC BY-SA 4.0; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ficus_coronata_foliage_and_fruit.jpg file page].

[[Category:Fruit trees]]
[[Category:Ficus]]