Editing Campomanesia pubescens

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | ''Campomanesia pubescens''
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Campomanesia pubescens.jpg|250px|''Campomanesia pubescens'' in Entre Rios, Minas Gerais. Photo by EvaldoResende, CC BY-SA 4.0.]]
|-
! Scientific name
| ''Campomanesia pubescens''
|-
! Genus
| [[Campomanesia]] <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Family
| [[Myrtaceae]] <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Order
| [[Myrtales]] <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Common name
| Guabiroba felpuda <sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|-
! Growth form
| Deciduous shrub, about 1.5 m in one account <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|-
! Native range
| Paraguay and central and eastern Brazil <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|-
! Native habitat
| Savannah and seasonally dry tropical vegetation <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|-
! Fruit
| Edible berry, up to about 2 cm in diameter <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>
|}

''Campomanesia pubescens'', known as guabiroba felpuda, is a deciduous fruiting shrub of Paraguay and central and eastern Brazil. It is associated with savannah habitats and has been recorded in tropical areas up to about 1,200 m. One account lists plants at about 1.5 m, a useful field description rather than a universal mature-size limit. <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Description ==

The species is a deciduous shrub with an annual growth cycle tied to the dry and cooler part of the year at the studied São Paulo site. The fruit is a berry up to about 2 cm in diameter. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

The native savannah and seasonally dry setting, together with the documented dry-season leaf fall, indicates a pronounced seasonal rhythm; cultivation should provide a draining root zone and avoid permanently saturated conditions. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4">[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

=== Soil and water ===

For young plants, a draining root zone is a reasonable species-level starting point: the seedling study used pots with drainage stones and a 50:50 mixture of Red/Yellow Latosol and organic compost. That was a greenhouse experiment, not a fixed field prescription. Avoid treating the study's three-times-weekly greenhouse irrigation as an adult schedule; adjust moisture to the container, root activity, rainfall, and drainage. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

As a habitat-level inference from its savannah setting, provide strong light with good airflow rather than dense, stagnant shade. The plant's native seasonal dryness does not establish a fixed shade percentage or a universal humidity threshold, so exposure should be moderated while young plants are being established and then adjusted to growth response. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

At the Mogi Guaçu Biological Reserve in São Paulo, leaf fall occurred mainly from June through September during the drier, cooler period. Budding began around mid-September, flowering peaked in September and October, and fruiting peaked in October and November. In cultivation, this pattern supports reducing the expectation of continuous growth through the dry-season slowdown and increasing attention to water and flowering conditions as new growth resumes; the calendar can shift with climate. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Seed propagation is documented for ''Campomanesia pubescens''. In a controlled study, germination began within 0–5 days and continued through a 30-day test. Seedlings were moved to 1 L pots at about 2 cm tall, when they had a pair of dark-green leaflets; the potting treatment used drainage stones and equal parts Red/Yellow Latosol and organic compost. These timings and materials describe the study conditions rather than a universal sowing protocol. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

The same reproductive study found no fruits or seeds from spontaneous self-pollination in its experiment, while cross-pollination had higher reproductive success and germination. For seed production, maintaining more than one compatible flowering plant and allowing insect movement is a better-supported starting point than assuming reliable selfing; the experiment does not establish an absolute incompatibility rule for every population. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

The species flowered in annual mass displays at the São Paulo study site. Flowers opened at about 06:00 and lasted one day. Bees were the main visitors recorded, with occasional Diptera. Cross-pollination performed better than spontaneous self-pollination in the reported experiment. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

Fruit development in a Minas Gerais study was followed at 9-day intervals from 9 to 63 days after anthesis. Full ripening occurred at 63 days under those study conditions. Firmness increased early, then declined as pectin solubilized; acidity declined toward ripening while soluble solids and sugars increased late in development. The 63-day value is a study observation, not a fixed harvest calendar for every climate. <sup id="cite_ref-5">[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

The fruit is edible and reaches about 2 cm in diameter. During development, soluble solids and sugars increased late while acidity and firmness declined toward ripening, making full ripeness a more useful harvest cue than fruit size alone. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

== References ==
* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Campomanesia%20pubescens GBIF species match: ''Campomanesia pubescens'']. Accepted species match and canonical name; accessed 2026-09-23.

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/3180981 GBIF species record: ''Campomanesia pubescens'']. Accepted record, genus, family, and taxonomic classification; accessed 2026-09-23.

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Campomanesia+pubescens Campomanesia pubescens - Useful Tropical Plants]. Common name, range, savannah habitat, growth form, elevation, fruit size, edible use, and seed propagation; accessed 2026-09-23.

* <span id="cite_note-4"></span>[[#cite_ref-4|↑]] '''[4]''' [https://www.scielo.br/j/jss/a/JN6VTSGX44Wzs85hTTVbwZQ/?format=pdf&lang=en&ilang=en Reproductive biology and production of seeds and seedlings of Campomanesia pubescens]. Flowering, pollination, seasonal phenology, germination, seedling handling, substrate, and greenhouse study conditions; accessed 2026-09-23.

* <span id="cite_note-5"></span>[[#cite_ref-5|↑]] '''[5]''' [http://www.agraria.pro.br/ojs32/index.php/RBCA/article/download/v19i2a3583/1567 Gabiroba (Campomanesia pubescens): Physicochemical and physiological characteristics of fruit during the development]. Fruit development, ripening, firmness, acidity, soluble solids, and sugars; accessed 2026-09-23.

== Image credits ==
* Summary image: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Campomanesia_pubescens.jpg EvaldoResende], own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

[[Category:Fruits]]
[[Category:Campomanesia]]
[[Category:Myrtaceae]]
[[Category:Brazilian fruit plants]]