Editing Byrsonima crassifolia

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Nance (''Byrsonima crassifolia'')
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Nanche.jpg|250px|Ripe nance fruit.]]
|-
! Scientific name
| ''Byrsonima crassifolia'' (L.) Kunth
|-
! Genus
| [[Byrsonima]]
|-
! Family
| [[Malpighiaceae]]
|-
! Order
| [[Malpighiales]]
|-
! Growth form
| Slow-growing shrub or small tree
|-
! Native range
| Mexico to tropical South America and the Caribbean
|-
! Native biome
| Savanna, open woodland, and seasonally dry tropical vegetation
|-
! Mature height
| Usually 3 to 10 m; sometimes taller
|-
! Soil
| Adaptable; sandy, acidic, low-fertility soils if well drained
|-
! Flowers
| Small yellow flowers in terminal racemes
|-
! Fruit
| Yellow to orange drupe, strongly aromatic
|-
! Propagation
| Seed; cuttings and grafting for selected material
|-
! Harvest
| At yellow maturity or natural abscission, commonly in the wet-season transition
|}

'''Nance''' (''Byrsonima crassifolia'') is a fruiting shrub or small tree in the genus [[Byrsonima]], family [[Malpighiaceae]], and order [[Malpighiales]]. It is known by regional names including nanche, nanche amarillo, nancite, changunga, murici, and golden spoon. The small yellow fruit is strongly scented and may be sweet, sour, or bittersweet depending on selection and maturity.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Description ==

The species is a slow-growing shrub or tree, commonly 3 to 10 m tall, with leathery opposite leaves and terminal clusters of small yellow flowers. It occurs as scattered trees or dense stands in open pine woodland, savanna, coastal vegetation, and other seasonally dry tropical habitats. The crown can be rounded, and mature bark may become dark and fissured.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

[[File:Byrsonima crassifolia (7554340816).jpg|thumb|left|240px|Nance plant and foliage.]]

The fruit is a small round drupe, commonly about 1 to 2 cm across. The peel is usually yellow at maturity but may become orange or reddish in some selections. The pulp is soft and aromatic, surrounding a hard stone. Flavor ranges from sweet to distinctly sour, and fruit quality varies substantially among wild trees and regional selections.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

== Climate and site ==

Nance is native from Mexico through Central America into northern and central South America, with populations in the Caribbean. It is associated with seasonally dry tropical climates and can tolerate drought once established. In its native range, fruiting often follows flowering during the transition into the rainy season; exact timing varies by locality.<sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

The tree tolerates sandy, acidic, and relatively infertile soils, but cultivated plants still benefit from good drainage, organic matter, and adequate moisture during flowering and fruit enlargement. It can grow in loam or clay loam if the soil does not remain saturated. Full sun promotes compact growth and fruit production. Avoid treating drought tolerance as tolerance of permanently waterlogged roots.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

=== Soil ===

Nance is characteristic of seasonally dry tropical vegetation, including savanna and open woodland, where soils may be acidic, sandy, nutrient-poor, or lateritic. The species can tolerate these conditions because drainage and seasonal drying are more important than rich soil. In cultivation, use free-draining loam or sandy soil and avoid permanently waterlogged clay.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

Open native sites provide full sun and relatively dry air during part of the year. Humidity rises with the rainy season, but the tree is not dependent on constant rainforest humidity. Full sun encourages compact growth and fruiting; allow airflow around the crown.

=== Seasonal changes ===

The tree is adapted to a pronounced dry season followed by a rainy growing season. Flowering and fruit development commonly track the transition into or through the rains. Established trees tolerate drought, but supplemental water during flowering and fruit enlargement improves crop consistency; reduce irrigation during cool or naturally dry periods.

== Propagation ==

Seed is the most documented method, but nance seeds are recalcitrant and lose viability during storage. Sow fresh, cleaned stones in a warm, porous medium. Seedlings may differ in sweetness, acidity, fruit size, and yield, so clonal propagation is preferable when a superior tree has been identified. Cuttings, layering, and grafting have been studied, but success depends on clone, season, and technique.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting and harvest ==

Flowers are produced in terminal racemes and are visited by bees, including oil-collecting and other native bee species. Fruit development and harvest timing vary with rainfall and locality. In parts of Mexico and Central America, the main harvest is associated with late spring and the beginning of the rainy season.

Fruits may be collected when yellow and fully developed or after natural abscission. Fully ripe fallen fruit is highly perishable; under ambient conditions it may last less than five days. Harvesting at a yellow-green stage and cooling promptly can extend usable life. A single harvest month for all regions: N/A.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

[[File:Byrsonima crassifolia(Fruto).jpg|thumb|right|260px|Nance fruit.]]

Nance is eaten fresh and is processed into drinks, pulps, syrups, jams, jellies, ice cream flavorings, fermented beverages, and regional sweets. The fruit's strong aroma and variable sweet-sour flavor are central to its culinary use. Pulp, peel, and stone should be handled separately when preparing processed products because the stone is hard and the fruit softens rapidly.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

== Pests and diseases ==

Recorded problems include fruit flies, flower and fruit attacks by other insects, mites, and fungal diseases affecting leaves or fruit. Regional pest pressure differs, and a universal treatment schedule: N/A. Sanitation, removal of damaged fruit, airflow, and clean nursery stock are useful baseline measures.<sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>

== Cultivars and selections ==

Nance is still represented by many wild, backyard, and locally selected trees. Documented selections differ in fruit color, pulp yield, acidity, sweetness, and harvest behavior. A universally standardized cultivar list: N/A.

== Container growing ==

Young nance trees can be grown in large containers with a mineral, well-drained mix. Provide full sun, water during active growth, and allow the surface to dry slightly between irrigations. Container plants should be shifted gradually into larger pots and protected from prolonged cool, wet conditions.

== Zone pushing ==

* Treat the plant as frost-sensitive outside warm subtropical climates.
* Use raised beds or coarse amendments where winter rainfall combines with heavy soil.
* Keep fresh seed moist and sow it promptly rather than storing it dry.
* Record fruit flavor, color, harvest stage, and tree origin when selecting seedlings.

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== References ==

<ol>
<li id="cite_note-1">[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] [https://www.sciendo.com/article/10.2478/fhort-2023-0005 San-Martín-Hernández et al., ''Byrsonima crassifolia'' L. Kunth a bio-resource with potential]. Fruit biology, harvest, propagation, soils, cultivation, pests, and uses.</li>
<li id="cite_note-2">[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:556033-1 Plants of the World Online: ''Byrsonima crassifolia'' (L.) Kunth]. Accepted name, range, life form, and biome.</li>
<li id="cite_note-3">[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] [https://www.purdue.edu/hla/sites/newcrop/1493.html Purdue NewCROP: Nance]. Traditional fruit and plant-use information.</li>
</ol>

== Image credits ==

* Summary: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nanche.jpg fruit].
* Description: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Byrsonima_crassifolia_(7554340816).jpg plant and foliage].
* Fruit and uses: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Byrsonima_crassifolia(Fruto).jpg fruit].
* Photos: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Byrsonima_Crassifolia-Malphigiaceae.JPG flowers]; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malpighiaceae-_Byrsonima_crassifolia_(nance).jpg foliage].

== Photos ==

[[File:Byrsonima Crassifolia-Malphigiaceae.JPG|thumb|right|260px|Nance flowers.]]
[[File:Malpighiaceae- Byrsonima crassifolia (nance).jpg|thumb|left|260px|Nance foliage.]]

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[[Category:Fruits]]
[[Category:Tropical fruit trees]]
[[Category:Byrsonima]]
[[Category:Mesoamerican plants]]