Editing Butia purpurascens

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | ''Butia purpurascens''
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[File:Dez anos entre o propágulo e a planta madura de Butia purpurascens Glassman (Arecaceae) uma palmeira endêmica e ameaçada de extinção do Cerrado brasileiro (page 2 crop).jpg|300px|Butia purpurascens population in southwest Goiás, showing inflorescences and immature infructescences.]]
|-
! Scientific name
| ''Butia purpurascens''
|-
! Genus
| [[Butia|''Butia'']]
|-
! Family
| [[Arecaceae|Arecaceae]]
|-
! Order
| [[Arecales|Arecales]]
|-
! Growth form
| Slow-growing evergreen, single-stemmed palm, about 1–4 m tall
|-
! Native setting
| Central Brazil; semi-deciduous forest and savanna to about 750 m
|-
! Fruit
| Yellow to purple fruit up to about 25 mm across, with succulent, almost fibreless acidic pulp
|}

'''''Butia purpurascens''''' is a slow-growing evergreen palm of central Brazil. GBIF returns the name as an accepted species match in the palm family Arecaceae and genus ''Butia''.<sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> Its recorded habitat includes semi-deciduous forest and savanna to about 750 m, and the fruit is described as locally gathered for food.<sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Description ==

The palm is described as evergreen, single-stemmed, slow-growing, and about 1–4 m tall. The retrieved horticultural account places it in central Brazil, in semi-deciduous forest and savanna habitats to about 750 m.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> The species-specific propagation study was conducted in an experimental garden in Brazil under full sun and ambient climatic conditions, rather than as a replicated home-orchard trial.<sup id="cite_ref-4">[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

Fruit color is described as ranging from yellow to purple. The fruit can reach about 25 mm in diameter and is characterized as having succulent, almost fibreless acidic pulp.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> Plants of the World Online was also checked for the name, but the retrieved search result did not expose a stable detailed species account.<sup id="cite_ref-5">[[#cite_note-5|[5]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

=== Soil and water ===

The recorded settings are semi-deciduous forest and savanna, and the horticultural account describes the palm as drought tolerant after establishment.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> As a practical inference from that seasonally dry ecology, use a freely draining medium and avoid keeping the root zone persistently saturated. Keep newly established seedlings more evenly supplied with water; once rooted, lengthen the interval between irrigations cautiously rather than applying a fixed schedule that the available species evidence does not establish.

A long tap-root is described before the shoot emerges from the seedling, so a deep container is more appropriate than a shallow propagation tray, and root disturbance should be kept limited when moving a young plant.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

The species account places the palm in savanna and semi-deciduous forest and describes wind resistance and frost resistance to at least −6 °C, with those tolerance statements attributed to secondary horticultural material.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> Bright light and good airflow are a reasonable starting inference from the open savanna component of its habitat. The frost figure should be treated as an observation associated with that account, not as a universal hardiness limit for every provenance or a reason to expose young plants to freezing conditions.

=== Seasonal changes ===

Semi-deciduous forest and savanna indicate a pronounced seasonal contrast rather than continuously wet conditions. In cultivation, maintain steadier moisture while a seedling is actively establishing, then moderate irrigation during a drier or cooler period after the root system is well developed. Protect young plants from frost even though the horticultural account attributes some frost resistance to the species; no universal winter-protection threshold is supplied.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Fresh seed is recommended in the retrieved horticultural account. Stored seed is described as slow, warm-water pre-soaking may shorten germination, and a long tap-root forms before the shoot emerges; fresh seed is given a usual germination time of about three to four months at 25 °C.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> These are starting parameters from a secondary summary, not a guarantee for every seed lot.

A species-specific conservation propagation study collected 6,000 fruits, discarded 3,112 that had been perforated by weevils, and assigned 2,600 propagules to 13 treatments. After 16 months only 11 seedlings had formed, without a treatment distinction available in the retained summary; fungal mortality was also recorded. The study's conditions were an experimental garden under full sun and ambient climate, so its difficult recruitment result should not be converted into a universal household germination rate.<sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

The same study followed the surviving plants for ten years. One surviving palm produced its first two inflorescences and fruit after ten years, while the first metaphyll appeared after two years in the study. Those observations show the time scale of that conservation experiment rather than a fixed bearing schedule for cultivated plants.<sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

The ten-year propagation study recorded two inflorescences and fruit on one surviving palm. It also records fruit colors ranging from yellow to purple.<sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> The result is useful evidence of eventual reproduction under the study conditions, but it does not establish a universal flowering season, pollination requirement, or years-to-fruit value.

A separate original paper examines vegetative and reproductive phenology under leaf harvesting, confirming that phenology has been studied in this species, but the retrieved record did not expose detailed timing results or tables.<sup id="cite_ref-6">[[#cite_note-6|[6]]]</sup> No calendar-based harvest window is therefore assigned here. Fruit size and color range are the practical identification details recorded in the fruit descriptions.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

The fruit is locally gathered and described as edible, with succulent, almost fibreless acidic pulp. Fruit diameter can reach about 25 mm, and the documented color range is yellow to purple.<sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup><sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> These are descriptive food-use records; they do not establish universal food safety for every collection, provenance, or preparation.

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Butia%20purpurascens GBIF species match API: Butia purpurascens].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://www.gbif.org/species/2736276 GBIF species page: Butia purpurascens].

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Butia+purpurascens Butia purpurascens - Useful Tropical Plants].

* <span id="cite_note-4"></span>[[#cite_ref-4|↑]] '''[4]''' [https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.233941 Ressel K, Guilherme FAG. Ten years from propagule to mature plant of Butia purpurascens Glassman (Arecaceae): an endemic and endangered palm of the Brazilian Cerrado. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2022;82:e233941.]

* <span id="cite_note-5"></span>[[#cite_ref-5|↑]] '''[5]''' [https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=Butia%20purpurascens Plants of the World Online search: Butia purpurascens].

* <span id="cite_note-6"></span>[[#cite_ref-6|↑]] '''[6]''' [https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.07513 Guilherme FAG et al. Vegetative and reproductive phenology of Butia purpurascens Glassman (Arecaceae) under the effects of leaf harvesting. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2015;75(1).]

== Image credits ==

* ''Dez anos entre o propágulo e a planta madura de Butia purpurascens Glassman (Arecaceae) uma palmeira endêmica e ameaçada de extinção do Cerrado brasileiro (page 2 crop).jpg'' — Butia purpurascens population in southwest Goiás, showing inflorescences and immature infructescences; photograph by K. Ressel and F. A. G. Guilherme; [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC BY 4.0]; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dez_anos_entre_o_prop%C3%A1gulo_e_a_planta_madura_de_Butia_purpurascens_Glassman_(Arecaceae)_uma_palmeira_end%C3%AAmica_e_amea%C3%A7ada_de_extin%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Cerrado_brasileiro_(page_2_crop).jpg file page]. Attribution required.

[[Category:Fruit plants]]
[[Category:Butia]]