Editing Acanthosicyos horridus

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; width: 320px; margin-left: 1.25em; margin-bottom: 1em;"
! colspan="2" style="background: #e8e8e8;" | Naras (''Acanthosicyos horridus'')
|-
! Scientific name
| ''[[Acanthosicyos horridus]]'' <sup id="cite_ref-1">[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Common names
| Naras <sup id="cite_ref-2">[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Genus
| [[Acanthosicyos]]
|-
! Family
| [[Cucurbitaceae]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Order
| [[Cucurbitales]] <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup>
|-
! Habit
| Perennial desert plant, about 1 m high and 2 m wide <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|-
! Native habitat
| Namib Desert; sandy dunes and dry river beds <sup id="cite_ref-3">[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4">[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>
|-
! Fruit
| Up to about 7 cm and 900 g; eaten raw, cooked, or preserved <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>
|}

'''''Acanthosicyos horridus''''' is a perennial cucurbit of the arid regions of southern Africa. It is known as Naras and is associated with Namibia, southern Angola, and the Cape Provinces. <sup>[[#cite_note-1|[1]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup>

== Description ==

Naras is a desert plant described as about 1 m high and 2 m wide. Its native settings include sandy dunes and mostly dry river beds, where roots can reach subsurface water. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup>

The plant's arid habitat is important when interpreting cultivation guidance: free drainage, strong light, and a carefully managed dry-season water supply are more appropriate starting points than a continuously wet root zone. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Cultivation ==

=== Soil and water ===

Use a sharply drained sandy medium and avoid rich, persistently wet soil. The documented cultivation guidance places Naras in sandy, nutrient-poor ground; dry saline soils are also described where underground water is available, with a stated pH preference of 6–7. These are practical account-level recommendations rather than fixed tolerance thresholds. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

Its deep-rooting habit is consistent with the dry river-bed and dune habitat. Irrigation should support establishment without turning the root zone into a permanently wet medium. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Sun and humidity ===

Grow Naras in full sun. Its native desert distribution and the cultivation accounts' full-sun recommendation indicate that bright exposure is central to site selection; provide generous airflow rather than a humid, enclosed position. <sup>[[#cite_note-3|[3]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

=== Seasonal changes ===

The native climate is strongly arid, with water availability concentrated around places where subsurface moisture persists. One cultivation account gives 15–30 °C as a preferred daytime range, 10–40 °C as a reported tolerance range, and 125–250 mm as preferred annual rainfall. Treat those figures as qualified cultivation guidance, not guaranteed species limits. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

Reduce irrigation during cool or inactive periods and keep drainage effective after any supplemental watering. The species is described as drought tolerant, but drought tolerance does not remove the need for careful establishment of young plants. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Propagation ==

Seed is the documented propagation route for Naras. Sow and establish it in a sharply drained, sandy medium, and protect young plants from persistent wetness while they establish. <sup>[[#cite_note-4|[4]]]</sup> <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Flowering, fruiting, and harvest ==

Naras is described as dioecious, so male and female plants are required when fruit and seed production is intended. The flowers are described as insect-pollinated; maintain access for insect visitors rather than growing the plants in a sealed enclosure. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

The fruit is reported at up to about 7 cm and 900 g. Treat that figure as a reported upper value rather than a typical harvest specification. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== Fruit and uses ==

The fruit is documented as eaten raw, cooked, or preserved. Its pulp can be dried into leathery cakes, while the seeds are described as suitable for roasting, boiling, storage, or milling. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

These uses are associated with the documented Naras fruit and seed traditions; preparation should follow locally established practice rather than being inferred from the plant's taxonomy alone. <sup>[[#cite_note-2|[2]]]</sup>

== References ==

* <span id="cite_note-1"></span>[[#cite_ref-1|↑]] '''[1]''' [https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/match?name=Acanthosicyos%20horridus GBIF species match: ''Acanthosicyos horridus''].

* <span id="cite_note-2"></span>[[#cite_ref-2|↑]] '''[2]''' [https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acanthosicyos+horridus ''Acanthosicyos horridus'' — Plants For A Future].

* <span id="cite_note-3"></span>[[#cite_ref-3|↑]] '''[3]''' [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:291170-1 ''Acanthosicyos horridus'' — Plants of the World Online].

* <span id="cite_note-4"></span>[[#cite_ref-4|↑]] '''[4]''' [https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Acanthosicyos+horridus ''Acanthosicyos horridus'' — Useful Tropical Plants].